6. Table of Contents--Expanded in Lieu of an Index

(Page numbers refer to the double-spaced manuscript)

Introductory 

1. Title and Scope, i   

2. Summary, iii         

3. Vital Questions, xi

A. Ancient Existential Questions

B. Contemporary Social Questions

4. World-Class Education, xii        

5. Writing Criteria, xiii

Introduction

A. The Neutral Point of View

B. The “Book” of Nature

C. Worldview Benchmarks

D. Working Compass

E. Concerning Religious Beliefs

6. Author’s Perspective, xxii

Introduction

A. My Life Philosophy

B. My Right to Freedom and Well-Being

C. My Concerns with Secular Humanism

I. The Physical World, 1

     The Universe from Its Eternal Origin

     To the Natural Unfolding of Everything

1. Timeline: Big Bang to Modernity, 2

2. Basic Facts and Assumptions, 3

3. From Birth to Planet Earth, 16

4. The Life Force, 23

5. The Evolution of Life, 31

6. The Individual's Place in the Universe, 47

II. The Brain-Mind Event, 49

       Broke the Chain of Natural Causation

       Allowing Choice, Thus Self-Determination.

1. Timeline: Evolution of the Brain, 50

2. Biology of the Brain-Mind Identity, 51

3. The Emergence of Intelligence, 59

A. The Emergence of Intelligence

B. The Concept of Emergence

C. The Social Brain Hypothesis

D. The Machiavellian Intelligence Hypothesis

4. Mind and Personality as Mental Traits, 64

Introduction
A. The Faculties of the Mind
1. The Primary Cognitive or Thinking Faculty
2. Other Important Faculties
3. The Triune Model of the Mind or Self
4. The Unconscious
B. Functions and Types of Memories
1. Long-Term Memory
2. Short-Term Memory
C. Emotions and Motivation
1. Emotions and Motivation
2. Emotional Intelligence
D. Personality
1. The Humane Personality
2. The Wanting Personality
3. On Significant Psychological Change and Its Indicators

5. Limited Mind Limits Responsibility, 91

A. The Importance of This Topic
B. The Path to Partial Freedom of the Mind:
    From Natural Causality to Human Determined Causality
C. Free Will, Determinism, and Compatibilism
D. Upshot: All Moral Responsibility Is a Matter of Degree

6. Mind Makers: Nature, Culture, Learning, 102

A. About Culture in General

B. The Gene-Culture Co-Evolution

C. Memes, Units of Cultural Information:

Introduction
1. Common Memes and Their Struggle for Existence
2. Memetics, Evolution and Spread of Memes

D. Cultural Universals Express Needs and Abilities

E. Concerning Personality and the Quality of Life

III. The Intellectual Realm, 119

         Enables Us to Eradicate Harmful Ideas

         Before They Harm or Eradicate Us

Knowing:

1. What is Knowledge? 120

2. Knowledge as Justified True Belief, 124

A. About Knowledge in General
B. Evaluating Propositions
C. Truth and Falsity are Matters of Degree

3. Pseudo Knowledge, 128

Introduction
A. The Power of Coincidence in Fallacious Belief Formation
B. Events that have Found No Plausible Scientific Support

4. Knowledge by Disciplines, 135

Thinking:

5. Critical Thinking, 137

Introduction
A. What is Critical Thinking?
B. Becoming a Critical Thinker
C. Asking the Right Questions
D. Decision Making
E. Problem Solving
F. Creative Thinking

6. Intellectual Standards, 154

Introduction
A. Free Thinking Gives Knowledge and Reason Free Play
B. The Tenets of Intellectual Honesty
C. Strategies to Avoid Thinking for Yourself
D. Escape Mechanisms
E. Valuable Intellectual Virtues
F. Universal Intellectual Standards

7. The Common Logical Fallacies, 163

A. What Is a Fallacy?
B. Why Should One Know Fallacies?
C. The Common Logical Fallacies

a. Fallacies of Distraction:

1. False Dilemma
2. Argument from Ignorance
3. Slippery Slope
4. Complex Question

b. Appeals to Motives in Place of Support:

5. Appeal to Force

6. Appeal to Pity

7. Appeal to Consequences

8. Prejudicial Language

9. Appeal to Popularity

c. Changing the Subject:
10. Attacking the Person
d. Appeal to Authority:
11. Anonymous Authorities
12. Style Over Substance
e. Inductive Fallacies:
13. Hasty Generalization
14. Unrepresentative Sample
15. False Analogy
16. Slothful Induction
17. Fallacy of Exclusion
f. Fallacies Involving Statistical Syllogisms:
18. Accident
 19. Converse Accident
g. Causal Fallacies:
20. Coincidental Correlation
21. Joint Effect
22. Genuine but Insignificant Cause
23. Wrong Direction
24. Complex Cause
h. Missing the Point:
25. Begging the Question
26. Irrelevant Conclusion
27. Straw Man
i. Fallacies of Ambiguity:
28. Equivocation
29. Amphiboly
30. Accent
j. Category Errors:
31. Composition
32. Division
k. Non Sequitur:
33. Affirming the Consequent
34. Denying the Antecedent
35. Inconsistency

l. Fallacies of Explanation:

36. Subverted Support
37. Non-Support

38. Untestability

39. Limited Scope

40. Limited Depth

m. Fallacies of Definition:

41. Too Broad
42. Too Narrow
43. Failure to Elucidate
44. Circular Definition
45. Conflicting Conditions

8. Where Thinking Goes Wrong, 184

A. Common Errors
1.    Belief in Timeless Truth
2.    Converting Fictions into Reality
3.    Doublespeak
4.    Eisegetical Thinking
5.    Fallacious Intellectuality 
6.    Fallaciousness of the Natural Fallacy
7.    Fallacy Detector's Fallacy
8.    Framing or Box Thinking
9.    Incestuous Amplification
10. Lack of Overview
11. Lack of Sense of Proportion
12. Learned Helplessness
13. Mental Masturbation
14. Neglect of Probability
15. Non-Sensical Assertions
16. Omission Bias
17. Outcome Bias
18. Condemnation of Polemics
19. Rationalization
20. Word Magic
B. Subjective Influences
1.    Adaptive bias
2.    Anchoring
3.    Apophenia
4.    Bandwagon Effect
5.    Belief-Bias Effect
6.    Cognitive Dissonance
7.    Compartmentalization
8.    Confirmation Bias
9.    Cultural Bias
10. Disconfirmation Bias
11. Egocasting
12. Euphemisms and Dysphemisms
13. Groupthink
14. Herd Instinct
15. Identification
16. Illusion of Control
17. Illusory Correlation
18. Indoctrination
19. Irrational Behavior
20. Just-World Hypothesis
21. Memory Bias
22. Mindblindness
23. Miswanting
24. Peacock Terms
25. Powerful Intuitions
26. Projection
27. Repression
28. Scapegoating
29. Self-Deception
30. Self-fulfilling prophecy
31. Self-Handicapping
32. Self-Privileging
33. Status Quo Bias
34. Stereotyping
35. Sublimation
36. System Justification
37. Theomania
38. Violating the Rules of Reasoned Discussion
39. Weasel Words
40. Wishful Thinking
C. Dirty Tricks
1.    The Big Lie
2.    The Big Untruth
3.    The True Meaning of Words
4.    The Objectification of Abstractions
5.    Thought Terminating Clichés
6.    The Red Herring Distraction
7.    Obfuscation
8.    Explaining the Obscure with the More Obscure

9.    The Barrage of Objections and The Call for Perfection

D. Defense Mechanisms 

Reasoning:

9. Reasoned Arguments, 206

A. What Is a Reasoned Argument?
B. What Is an Inference?
C. Evaluating Arguments
1.    The Inductively Strong Argument
2.    The Deductively Valid Argument
3.    The Three Ancient Laws of Thought
D. The Empirical Moral Argument
E. Modality, Qualifying Propositions
F. Evaluating the Evidence
G. Making Arguments Stronger 

10. Rules for Reasoned Discussions, 220

Introduction
A. The Four Discussion Stages
B. The Ten Rules for a Critical Discussion
C. Analyzing and Evaluating Argumentative Discussions
D. Application

11. Cause and Effect Relationships, 224

12. Grasping Abstract Concepts, 228

Sciencing:

13. What Is Science? 239

Introduction
A. Science is a System for Acquiring Knowledge.
B. Science is an Expanding Body of Predictive Knowledge.

14. The Merits of Science, 241

A. The Material Benefits of Science
B. The Cultural Benefits of Science
C. The Ends Do Not Justify the Means

15. The Scientific Method, 245

A. A Scientific Sub-Culture
B. A Method of Inquiry
C. A Working Procedure
D. A Distinction between Discovery and Justification 

16. The Science-Culture Disparity, 249

A. Science as a Force for Social Change
B. Science as a Subculture that Unites Humanity
C. Science as a Technological Threat

IV. The Social World, 253

        Enables Interdependent Social Beings

        To Flourish through Ethical Relations

From Origins to Ultimate Values (1-8):

1. Timeline: From Prehistory to Modernity, 254

Introduction
A. Timeline: Human Evolution
B. Early Human Cultures

1. The Stone Age in General

2. The Old Stone Age

3. The Middle Stone Age

4. The New Stone Age

5. The Bronze Age and the Birth of Civilizations

6. The Iron Age and the Perfection of Writing

C. Greece, the Cradle of Western Civilization:
    The Birth of Science, Philosophy, and Democracy
D. The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire 
E. The Middle Ages Dominated by Religion
F. The Factors that Produced Modernity
Introduction
1. The Renaissance
2. The Age of Discovery and Exploration
3. The Protestant Reformation
4. The Age of Enlightenment
5. Political Revolutions
6. The Scientific Revolution

7. Key Inventions

8. The Industrial Revolution
9. The Rapid Rise of Productivity
10. Universal Education and Secularization
11. The Formation of Nation States
12. The Post-Industrial Society
13. Globalization

2. The Origins of Western Civilization, 298

Introduction
A. In Ancient Greece
    1. The Origins of Philosophy
    2. The Flourishing of Science and Technology
    3. The Beginning of Democracy
B. In Ancient Rome
     The Contributions of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire
C. In the Middle Ages

3. The Age of Enlightenment, 328

Introduction
A. The Enlightenment's Major Findings
B. The Enlightenment's Objectives
C. Leading Figures of the Enlightenment:
1.    John Locke (1632-1704)
2.    Pierre Bayle (1647-1706)
3.    Jean Meslier (1664-1729)
4.    Montesquieu (1689-1755)
5.    Voltaire (1694-1778)
6.    David Hume (1711-76)
7.    Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78)
8.    Denis Diderot (1713–1784)
9.    Baron d'Holbach (1723–1789)
10. Adam Smith (1723-90)
11. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
12. Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
13. Marquis de Condorcet (1743–1794)
14. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
15. Johann G. Herder (1744-1803)
16. Johann W. Goethe (1749-1832)
17. Georg W. F. Hegel (1770-1831)
18. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
19. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
20. Karl Marx (1818-1883)
D. Recent Continuers of the Enlightenment Tradition
1.    John Dewey (1859-1952)
2.    Paul Kurtz (b.1925)
3.    Edward O. Wilson (b.1929)

4. The Natural Origins of Morality, 359

Introduction
A. The Natural Origins of Morality
B. Darwin Unites the Moral Sense with Utilitarianism
C. Connecting to a Global Morality

5. The Common Moral Decencies and Ethical Excellences, 366

6. From Moral Insight to Autonomy, 370

Introduction
A. How Does an Individual Acquire Moral Insight?
B. How Does Moral Insight Become Moral Autonomy?
C. Moral Activity and the Morally Mature Person
D. The Vice of Moral Rationalizing
E. How to Arrive at a Perfect Conscience
F. Acknowledgement

7. A Moral Dilemma: To Have or To Be, 381

8. Ultimate Values Justified as Moral Rights, 384

A. Defining Value
B. The Nature of Value Judgments
C. Ultimate Values--Universal Freedom and Well-Being--Justified as Moral Rights
D. The Means to Achieve Ultimate Values

Global Contracts and Universal Norms (9-21):

  9. A Milestone: The Charter of the UN, 390

10. UN: Global Human Rights Norms (Summary), 397

11. UN: Universal Human Rights, 403

12. UN: Civil and Political Rights, 407

13. UN: Economic, Social & Cultural Rights, 413

14. UN: Discrimination Against Woman, 419

15. UN: On the Rights of the Child, 424

16. UN: Preventing Genocide, 428

17. UN: Determining War Crimes, 431

18. Just War Theory, 432

Introduction
A.  When is a War Justified? (Jus ad Bellum)
B.   How should a Just War be Carried Out? (Jus in Bello)
C.   How should a War be Justly Ended? (Jus Post Bellum)

19. Weapons of Mass Destruction, 436

Introduction

A. Origins of the Term "Weapons of Mass Destruction"

B. A Variety of Increasingly Destructive WMD

C. The Aftermath of Two Nuclear Bombings

D. On the Urgency to Eliminate all WMD: The Russell-Einstein Manifesto

20. Animal Welfare and Rights, 446

Introduction
A. Yes, Animals Suffer Physically and Mentally
B. The Case for Animal Welfare
C. Practical Steps toward Animal Welfare
D. The Cases For and Against Animal Rights
    1. Ten Reasons FOR Animal Rights and Their Explanation
    2. Ten Reasons AGAINST Animal Rights and Their Replies

E. Monkeys and Their Morals--a Poem

21. Overpopulation and the Environment, 462

A. Human Overpopulation

B. Population Growth from 8000 BCE to 2042 CE

C. Environmental Impact

D. Mandatory Pregnancy for Women or Family Planning?

E. Frequently Asked Questions on Contraception

F. Population Stabilization through Demographic Transition

Triad to Universal Freedom and Well-Being (22-24):

22. The Educated Citizen, 476

Introduction
A. The Educated Citizen's Attributes
B. The Democratic Citizen's Standard of Living
C. The Democratic Citizen's Education
D. Obstacles to Achieving an Adequate Education

23. The Just Social Contract, 485

Introduction
A. The Social Contract
B. When a Social Contract is Not Binding
C. Evaluating and Judging Social Contracts

24. Functional Democracy, 491

Introduction
A. Why We Need Functional Democracy
B. What Functional Democracy would Achieve 

V. The Religious Realm, 499

      Is a Powerful Part of the Social World;

      Therefore, It is Crucial to Examine It.   

1. From Origins to Organized Religion, 500

Introduction
A. About Religion in General
B. How Did Religious Beliefs Originate?
C. How Did Organized Religions Evolve?

2. Relatedness of World Religions, 516

3. The Most Influential World Religions, 517

A. About World Religions in General
B. Ancient Iranian/Persian Religion
    1. Zoroastrianism (200,000 Followers)
C. The Dharmic Religions
    2. Hinduism (900 million Followers)
    3. Buddhism (376 million Followers)
D. The Abrahamic Religions
    4. Judaism (14 million Followers)
    5. Christianity (2,100 million Followers)
    6. Islam (1,300 million Followers)

4. Origins and Growth of Christianity, 598

Introduction
A. Early Christianity and the "Historical" Jesus,
1. Key Events and Intro to the Gospels
2. The Life Events of Jesus
3. The Ethical Teachings of Jesus
4. The “Wicked” Teachings of Jesus
5. The Theology of Jesus
B. Reformed Christianity and the Deified Jesus,
6. Paulinization Makes Faith Palatable to Gentiles and the Powerful
7. Hellenization Reforms the Faith and Deifies Jesus
8. Key Events prior to the Christian 4th Century
C. Institutionalized Christianity and the Monopolized Jesus,
9. The Institutionalization and Imposition of Christianity
10. Political Victory Paves the Way for the Practices of Brahmanism
11. The Emerging Papacy and Its Claim to Own Jesus' Church
12. The Papacy's High Point under Boniface the "Freethinker"
D. Actualized Christianity--Pernicious Pursuits in the Name of Jesus,
13. The Growth and Corruption of the Papacy (6th-17th cent.)
14. The Persecution and Massacres of Jews
15. The Crusades against Moslems, Pagans, and Other Christians
16. The Inquisition
17. The Witchcraft Trials (1330-1700)
18. The Reformation and Counter-Reformation
19. The Peasant's Revolt, Luther's Betrayal and Slave Morality
E. Enslaving, Colonizing, Proselytizing in the Name of Christianity,
20. Theological and Biblical "Justification" for Slavery
21. Slavery from 107 CE to 1888 CE
22. The Colonization of Latin America
23. The First 20th Century Genocide in German South-West Africa
24. Proselytizing by God's Chinese Son Causes 20 Million Deaths

5. Today’s Papacy as Global Power, 726

Introduction
A. The Condemnation of Modernity and Americanism
B. The Concordats--Rotten Compromises between Church and State
C. Secret Organizations and Operations
D. The Spectacular Rise of Christian Democracy in Western Europe
E. The Vatican and the Vietnam War--Analysis of a Tragedy
F. The Liberation Theology Movement of the 1960s
G. The Roman Church's Doctrines Hostile to Life
H. The Papacy as a Global Power with World-Conquering Ambitions
I. The Papacy's Political and Spiritual Conquest of the U.S.

6. Probing Supernatural Claims, 789

Introduction
A. Supernatural or Metaphysical Claims in General
B. The Bible and the Ten Commandments
C. Creationism and Intelligent Design
D. Divine Saviors
E. Exorcism
F. Faith Healing
G. Petitionary Prayers
H. Miracles
I. Reincarnation and Karma
J. Religious Experience
K. Revelations and Prophecies
L. Resurrection
M. The Trinity
N. Transubstantiation
O. Virgin Birth
P. Supernaturalism in Occults vs. in Religion
Q. Spiritual Things: Angels, Apparitions, Demons, Devils, Ghosts, Gods, etc.

7. Intellectual Giants Critical of Religion, 831

A. Freethinkers and Free Thought on Religion
1. Freethinking with Regard to Religion
2. Moral Religion vs. Religious Illusion by I. Kant
3. Authentic Religion Without a Belief in God by F. C. Forberg
4. The Nature of Religion by K. Marx
5. My Own Mind is my Own Church by T. Pain
6. Church and Religion by Robert G. Ingersoll
7. A Naturalist's Vow by Robert G. Ingersoll
8. Religious Freedom by Thomas Jefferson
9. Concerning Religious Tolerance by Algernon Black
10. The Heretical Sayings of Pope Boniface VIII
B. Freethinkers on the Existence of God
11. The Origins of the God Idea by A. Einstein
12. A Critique of the Religious Teaching of Ethics by A. Einstein
13. A Psychoanalysis of Religion and the God Idea by S. Freud
14. The Bible, the Word of a God or a Damon? By T. Paine
15. The Study of Theology is Futile by T. Pain
16. Comments on God and Religion by T. Jefferson
17. Believe vs. Inquiry by H. Heine and Anonymous
C. Darwin on His "Religious Belief"
18. On the Old Testament
19. On the New Testament
20. On Everlasting Punishment
21. On the Argument from Design
22. On Suffering in This World
23. On the Argument from Subjective Certitude
24. On Life Without a Personal God
D. Thoughts and Quotes from Antiquity to Modernity

8. Glossary of Religious Terms, 860

VI. The Abysmal Antisocial, 874

        Insidiously Forestalls and Subverts

        Universal Freedom and Well-Being

1. Antisocial Minds and Their Means, 875

Introduction
A. Antisocials' Claims and Decadence
B. Deficiencies of the Antisocial Mind
C. Key Manipulative Means
D. Specific Mind Control Methods
E. Changing Minds without Their Knowledge
F. Dominating Others with Their Consent
G. Absence of Self-Confidence among People
H. Restricted Reporting by the Mass Media
I. Freedom of the Press in the U.S.
J. The Just World Hypothesis

2. Predatory Political Economy, 889

Introduction
On Political Economy:
A. Concise Findings on Political Economy
B. Detrimental Dupery in Economics
C. The Perniciousness of Predatory Capitalism
D. A New Type of Entrepreneur, the Plutocrat
E. Consumerism as a Form of Social Control
F. How Well Does Capitalism Work in the U.S.?
G. A Critique of Capitalism by A. Einstein
On Property:
H. Can Private Property beyond Need be Justified?
I. Views on Property from Antiquity to Modernity
J. Property and Full Property Ownership Defined
K. Rights and Property Rights Defined
L. Indebtedness to Arnold Künzli 

3. Ruinous Restrictions in Education, 924

Introduction
A. Factors Responsible for Restrictive Education
B. Consequences of Mental Poverty

4. Egregious Errors in Religions, 928

Introduction

A. Origins of Errors and Motivation for Their Acceptance

B. Errors from Ignorance of the Real World

1.    Claiming Historical, Contingent Conditions as Divinely Ordained

2.    Inferring Essence or the Soul from Contingent Facts

3.    Disconnecting Important Claims from Reality

4.    Explaining the Mysterious with the Occult

5.    Folklores Sanctified as Sacred Scriptures

6.    Superstitious Beliefs

7.    Supernatural Involvement in the Affairs of this World

8.    Blaming the Victims and Catholic Guilt

C. Errors from Mental Poverty and Intellectual Dishonesty

1.    Argument from Inconsistent Revelation

2.    Coercion, You may Choose but either Way You Lose

3.    Eisegetical Interpretation of Scriptures, Sacred Texts, etc.

4.    Claims that Conflict with Religion's Founder and History

5.    Explaining a Mystery with Even a Greater Mystery

6.    Speaking the "Truth" with the Doctrine of Mental Reservation

7.    Not to Distinguish between Genuine and Institutionalized Religion

8.    Leap of Faith--There is a Higher Truth in Subjectivity

D. The Calamitous Consequences of These Errors
1.    Billions Will Die Before Their Time and After a Beggarly Life
2.    Psycho-Terror Supported Protection Rackets Lead to Loss of the Self
3.    Crippling the Minds of Children Perpetuates Pernicious Ignorance
4.    The Degradation of Women Condemns Many to a Servile Life 
5.    The Roman Catholic Church's Ongoing Holocaust

5. Abuse of Children in Religions, 955

Introduction

A. Poisonous Consequences and Its Antidote

B. Traditions are at the Root of the Problem
C. How Minds are Crippled and Controlled
D. Insights Concerning Education
E. Violent, Physical Upbringing
F. Female and Male Genital Mutilation
G. Sexual Abuse by the Roman Catholic Church
H. Most Nations Ignore the UN Code On the Rights of the Child 

6. Hatred of Women in Religions, 973

A. About Misogyny in General
B. Misogyny in Hinduism
C. Misogyny in Buddhism
D. Misogyny in Judaism
E. Misogyny in Christianity
F. Misogyny in Islam 

VII. The Pragmatic Life, 986

         Applies Knowledge from All Disciplines

         With Wisdom to the Practical Life

1. Answers to Vital Questions, 987

Introduction
A. Answers to Ancient Existential Questions
B. Answers to Contemporary Social Questions
C. Conclusion

2. Commentary on Social Problems, 1000

A.    Introduction
B.    Abortion and Embryonic Stem-Cell Research

C.    Corporal Punishment of Children

D.   Death Penalty

E.    Divorce

F.    Drug and Other Addictions

G.   Education

H.    Environmental Crisis

I.     Euthanasia

J.     Globalization

K.    Health Crisis

L.    Homosexuality

M.   Hollow Democracy

N.   Justice and Punishment

O.   Obligation to Obey the Law

P.    Patriotism

Q.   Poverty and Homelessness
R.    Discrimination
S.    Same Sex Marriage
T.    Scarcity of Resources
U.    Suicide

3. Evaluating Society, Case in Point, the U.S., 1019

A. Why was the U.S. Chosen?
B. Evaluating the U.S.
C. What Explains this Tragic Condition?
D. Why is the U.S. Dysfunctional at the Federal Level?
E. Why are There No Funds to Meet Basic Social Needs?
F. Is the U.S. a Military Giant and Ethical Dwarf?
G. The Standard of Living Depends on Productivity.
H. Concluding Judgment

4. Reforming the World's Religions, 1032

Introduction
A. The Problems Making Reform a Vital Necessity
B. The Solution: A Common Intellectual and Moral Standard
C. What a Reformed Religion Free of Ignorance would Resemble
D. How Progress or Success can be Measured
E. A Win-Win Situation where Religions Reach the Holy and Divine

5. To Be Democratic, Modern, and Humane, 1046

6. Creating a Personal Best-Life Philosophy, 1049

Introduction
1st. Acquire Anchoring Prerequisites
2nd. Decide on the Meaning You Give to Life
3rd. Select an Ultimate Belief
4th. Evaluate the Need for After-This-Life Insurance
5th. Learn How to Make Moral Decisions
6th. Consider the New Values
7th. Integrate Parts into a Best-Life Philosophy

Appendices

1. Acknowledgements, 1065

2. Author's Bio, 1069